[edit] Later Marxist interpretation
Although Marx did not explicitly argue this himself, later Marxists (including Henryk Grossmann and Paul Mattick) have argued that this paradoxical outcome for all the competing enterprise together - an increase in physical output produced, containing a decreasing quantity of labour-value - is the ultimate cause of economic crises, which feature a sharp drop in industrial investments and rising unemployment. Thus, the ultimate cause of economic crises in capitalism is attributed to the overall, long-term effect of labour-saving technological innovations. At a certain point, it is argued, the falling rate of profit stops the total mass of profit in the economy from growing altogether, or at least from growing at a sufficient rate - this results in an over-accumulation crisis, and consequently a drop in new productive investment, causing an increase in unemployment. In turn, this then leads to a wave of take-overs and mergers to restore profitable production.